The Byzantine city
The archaeological site splits into the Lower Town (the main civic and ecclesiastical zone, with the Palace, cathedrals and major monasteries) and the Upper Town (the residential quarter rising toward the Frankish castle). The Palace of the Despots anchors the site — the only surviving Byzantine palace, fully reopened in 2026 after a decade-long restoration. The Pantanassa Monastery (founded 1428, the last building still inhabited — Orthodox nuns serve here daily) holds some of the finest Palaiologan frescoes; the Metropolis (where Constantine XI was crowned), the Hodegetria, the Hagia Sophia and the Peribleptos Monastery complete the religious anchors. The Frankish castle (1249, William II of Villehardouin) crowns the summit with views across the Eurotas valley to Sparta.



